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If you just want advice, then first try proving that at the maximum possible
value of yx^2 + zy^2 + xz^2, one of x, y, and z can be 0. (This is before
proving what the maximum possible value is). If you want what I think is the
full solution, then read on.
I've used != to mean "is not equal to".
Because of the cyclic symmetry, we can assume that the magnitude of y is between
that of x and z. That is, either x <= y <= z or x >= y >= z. Because of this:
(y - x)(y - z) <= 0 (with equality if and only if y = x or y = z)
y^2 + xz - xy - yz <= 0
y^2 + xz <= xy + yz
y^2 + xz <= 2xy + yz (with equality if and only if (y = x or y = z) and
(x = 0 or y = 0))
zy^2 + xz^2 <= y2xz + yz^2 (with equality if and only if ((y = x or y = z) and
(x = 0 or y = 0)) or z = 0)
yx^2 + zy^2 + xz^2 <= yx^2 + y2xz + yz^2
yx^2 + zy^2 + xz^2 <= y(x + z)^2
But by the AM-GM inequality:
(y((x + z)/2)((x + z)/2))^(1/3) <= (y + (x + z)/2 + (x + z)/2)/3 (with equality
if and only if y = (x + z)/2, which is equivalent to y = 1/3)
((y(x + z)^2)/4)^(1/3) <= (y + x + z)/3 = 1/3
(y(x + z)^2)/4 <= 1/27
y(x + z)^2 <= 4/27
yx^2 + zy^2 + xz^2 <= 4/27
with equality if and only if y = 1/3 and (((y = x or y = z) and x = 0) or z =
0).
But if x = 0 then y != x and because x + y + z = 1, y != z, so the conditions
equivalent to equality simplify to:
y = 1/3 and z = 0,
which implies x = 2/3.
Because we assumed that the magnitude of y was between that of x and z, we need
to reconstruct the other solutions, where x was the middle number, and where z
was the middle number. These are:
x = 1/3; y = 0; z = 2/3
x = 0; y = 2/3; z = 1/3
by the cyclic symmetry.
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